Matsayin Mai Fassara da Mai Fassara a Cikin Yanayin Kasuwancin Duniya

1. Gabatarwa & Bayyani

Wannan takarda tana bincika sosai tasirin duniya baki daya a kan sana'ar fassara da fassara. Ta wuce ra'ayin gargajiya na masu fassara a matsayin masu isar da harshe kawai, tana ba da hujjar sake fahimtar su a matsayin muhimman masu shiga tsakani na al'adu da magana a cikin kasuwancin duniya. Babban jigon ya nuna cewa nasara a wannan sabon tsari yana buƙatar haɗakar ƙwararrun ilimin harshe, ƙwarewar fanni na musamman, wayewar al'adu, da ƙwarewar fasaha.

Babban Bayanan Buga

Jarida: Revue de Traduction et Langues / Jaridar Fassara da Harsuna
Juzu'i/Lamba: 20, Lamba 02/2021
Shafuka: 76-84
Marubuci: Farfesa Said Shiyab, Jami'ar Kent State
DOI/ISSN: EISSN: 2600-6235

2. Cikakken Bincike

Takar ta rarrabe matsayin mai fassara na zamani ta hanyar fuskoki uku masu alaƙa.

2.1 Tsarin Matsayin Mai Shiga Tsakani

An sanya masu fassara ba a matsayin masu sauya lambobi ba, amma a matsayin wakilai masu aiki waɗanda ke shiga tsakani tsakanin maganar al'adar tushe da masu sauraro. Wannan yana buƙatar:

Cikakkiyar Ƙwarewar Harshen Manufa: Fiye da iya magana har zuwa daidaiton salo da rajista.
Ilimin Al'adu na Gabaɗaya: Fahimtar mafi girman yanayin al'umma na masu sauraro.
Ƙwarewar Fanni na Musamman: Cikakken ilimi game da takamaiman fannin kasuwanci (misali, shari'a, kuɗi, fasaha).
Binciken Rubutun Tushe: Ikon gano ƙananan bayanai, daɗaɗɗen ma'ana, da keɓantattun al'adu a cikin kayan asali.

Wannan tsarin yana ƙalubalantar kuskuren fahimta da ya yadu cewa "duk wanda ke da gogewar harshe zai iya fassara."

2.2 Mulkin Ingilishi & Abubuwan Tattalin Arziki

Takar ta yi amfani da hawan tarihi na Ingilishi a matsayin lambar duniya don kwatanta yadda ikon siyasa da tattalin arziki ke ƙarfafa rinjayen harshe. Wannan duniya baki daya ta haifar da larura ga "wakilan tsakanin harsuna" waɗanda babban aikinsu shine rage ƙananan bayanai na sadarwa saboda dalilai na tattalin arziki na duniya. Don haka ana samun buƙatar ta hanyar tattalin arziki, yana motsa fassara daga sabis na al'adu zuwa mai ba da damar kasuwanci na ainihi.

2.3 Muhimmancin Fasaha

Marubucin ya yi iƙirarin cewa dole ne masu fassara na zamani su karɓi sabbin abubuwan fasaha. An tsara fasaha ba a matsayin barazana ba, amma a matsayin kayan aiki mai mahimmanci "an kare shi don tallafawa gwaje-gwajen ɗan adam" wajen haɗa al'ummomi daban-daban. A cikin duniyar da ta kasance duniya baki daya, fasaha ta shiga cikin dukkan fannoni, gami da nazarin fassara, yana buƙatar ƙwararru su haɗa kayan aikin CAT, gyaran bayan MT, da tsarin sarrafa kalmomi cikin aikin su.

3. Muhimman Bayanai & Matsayin Dabarun

Ƙarshen ya ba da shawarar dabaru ga masu fassara don sanya kansu a matsayin kadara masu mahimmanci:

Bayyana kuma nuna ƙimar shiga tsakani fiye da fassarar kalma da kalma.
Haɓaka kuma tallata ƙwarewar fanni na musamman.
Haɗa kuma ƙware da fasahohin fassara masu dacewa.
Ƙaddamar da hana rage darajar fassara ta hanyar bayyana haɗari da farashin aikin da ba shi da inganci, wanda ba a shiga tsakani ba.

4. Ra'ayin Mai Bincike na Asali

Babban Fahimta: Takardar Shiyab wata dabara ce ta tsaron lokaci don sana'ar fassara. Ta gano daidai cewa barazanar wanzuwar fannin ba AI kawai ba ce, amma rashin ƙima da ya yadu na ainihin ƙwarewarta: shiga tsakani na al'adu da magana. Hujjar takardar ta gaskiya ita ce dole ne masu fassara su sake sanya sunan su daga "ma'aikatan harshe" zuwa "ƙwararrun rage haɗari" a cikin sadarwar duniya.

Matsala ta Hankali & Ƙarfi: Hankali yana da ban sha'awa. Yana bin sarƙaƙƙiyar dalili: Duniya baki daya → Mulkin Ingilishi → buƙatun sadarwar kasuwanci masu sarƙaƙiya → buƙatar masu shiga tsakani (ba kawai masu fassara ba). Ƙarfinsa yana cikin haɗa ilimin harshe na zamantakewa (ikon Ingilishi) tare da ka'idar fassara mai amfani. Kira don ƙwarewar fanni yana maimaita binciken daga tsarin European Master's in Translation na EU, wanda ke jaddada wajibcin ƙwarewar jigo tare da ƙwarewar harshe.

Kurakurai & Rashin Bayyanawa: Laifin mahimmanci na takardar shine rashin zurfinsa na fasaha. Ambaton shi a matsayin "larura" bai isa ba a cikin 2021. Ya kasa shiga cikin rikitarwa, yanayin gefe biyu na Fassarar Injin Neural (NMT). Ba kamar tasirin canji na samfura kamar CycleGAN a cikin fassarar hoto-zuwa-hoto ba, wanda ya gabatar da sabon tsarin da ba a kula da shi ba ($G: X \rightarrow Y$, $F: Y \rightarrow X$ tare da asarar daidaiton zagaye $\mathcal{L}_{cyc}$), tattaunawar a nan ba ta da zurfin fasaha. Ba ta magance yadda MT ke sake fasalin aikin mai fassara zuwa gyaran bayan ba ko kuma abubuwan da suka shafi ɗabi'a na abubuwan da AI ke samarwa. Bugu da ƙari, yayin da yake ambaton abubuwan motsa tattalin arziki, bai ba da bayanan ƙididdiga kan girman kasuwa, girma, ko ROI na ƙwararrun fassara da mafita na ad-hoc ba—wata dama da aka rasa don ƙarfafa hujjar kasuwancinta.

Bayanai Masu Aiki: Ga masana'antar, wannan takarda tsari ne don ba da shawara ga ƙwararru. Ya kamata ƙungiyoyin fassara su yi amfani da tsarin shiga tsakanin su don haɓaka ma'auni na takaddun shaida waɗanda ke da wahalar sarrafa su ta atomatik. Ga masu aikin daidaikun mutane, umarni a bayyane yake: ƙware a tsaye (misali, na'urorin likitanci, fintech) da a kwance (karɓar fasaha). Gaba ba na masu fassara na gabaɗaya ba ne amma ga ƙwararrun masu shiga tsakani waɗanda za su iya tsarawa da gyara sakamakon tsarin kamar GPT-4, suna tabbatar da amincin alama da dacewar al'adu ta hanyar da fasaha mai tsabta ba za ta iya ba. Ci gaba na gaba, wanda Shiyab ya nuna amma bai bincika ba, shine mai fassara a matsayin "mai dabarun daidaitawa," wanda aka haɗa shi cikin zagayowar haɓaka samfurin tun daga farko, wani yanayi da ke bayyane a cikin kamfanoni kamar Netflix da Airbnb.

5. Tsarin Fasaha & Bincike

5.1 Samfurin Ƙwarewa & Wakilcin Lissafi

Ƙwarewar mai fassara ($C_t$) za a iya ƙirƙira ta a matsayin aikin ninkawa na ainihin sassansa, inda rashi a cikin ɗayan ya rage sosai inganci gabaɗaya:

$C_t = (L_s \cdot L_t) \cdot K_c \cdot K_d \cdot M_t$

$L_s, L_t$: Ƙwarewa a cikin Harshen Tushe da Manufa (ma'auni 0-1).
$K_c$: Ilimin Al'adu na masu sauraro.
$K_d$: Ilimin Fanni na Musamman.
$M_t$: Ƙwarewar Fasahar Fassara.

Wannan samfurin yana kwatanta dalilin da yasa mutum mai harshe biyu ($L_s$ da $L_t$ high) ba tare da ilimin fanni ba ($K_d \approx 0$) ya gaza: $C_t \rightarrow 0$.

Hasashen Hoton Matsakaicin Ƙwarewa

Ka yi tunanin ginshiƙi mai kwatanta bayanan mutum biyu:

Bayanan A ("Mai Harshe Biyu"): Kololuwa a cikin $L_s$ da $L_t$, amma kusan sifili a cikin $K_d$ da $M_t$. Yankin ginshiƙin ƙanƙane ne.
Bayanan B (Ƙwararren Mai Shiga Tsakani): Ma'auni, maki masu girma a duk ginshiƙi biyar. Yankin ginshiƙin ya fi girma sosai, yana wakiltar mafi girman ƙwarewa da ƙima gabaɗaya.

Wannan hoton zai nuna sosai gibin inganci da takardar ta kwatanta.

5.2 Tsarin Bincike: Matrix na Shiga Tsakani na Fassarar Kasuwanci

Wannan tsarin yana taimakawa rarraba buƙatun fassara da ƙwarewar mai shiga tsakani da ake buƙata.

Nau'in Rubutu / Manufar Kasuwanci	Ƙarancin Bukatar Shiga Tsakani na Al'adu (misali, Ƙayyadaddun Fasaha)	Babban Bukatar Shiga Tsakani na Al'adu (misali, Tallace-tallace, Alamar Kasuwanci)
Babban Rikitarwar Fanni (misali, Kwangilar Shari'a, Haƙƙin Mallaka na Magunguna)	Matsayi: Mai Fassara na Musamman Mayar da hankali: Daidaiton kalmomi, bin ƙa'idodi. Fasaha: Kayan Aikin CAT, Tushen Kalmomi.	Matsayi: Ƙwararren Mai Shiga Tsakani-Mai Daidaitawa Mayar da hankali: Daidaita ra'ayoyin shari'a a cikin ikon shari'a; jumla mai gamsarwa. Fasaha: CAT + Bayanan Nassoshi na Al'adu.
Ƙarancin Rikitarwar Fanni (misali, Jaridar Cikin Gida, Bayanin Samfur Mai Sauƙi)	Matsayi: Mai Fassara na Ƙa'ida / Mai Gyaran Bayan MT Mayar da hankali: Daidaito da bayyanawa. Fasaha: NMT tare da PE na ɗan Adam.	Matsayi: Mai Shiga Tsakani Mai Ƙirƙira Mayar da hankali: Ƙirƙira, amsa ta zuciya, muryar alama. Fasaha: Rukunin ƙirƙira, kayan aikin tunani masu taimakon AI.

Misalin Shari'a (Babu Code): Wani kamfani ya ƙaddamar da app ɗin motsa jiki a Japan. Fassarar UI (ƙarancin shiga tsakani na al'adu, matsakaicin rikitarwar fanni) yana buƙatar ƙwararren da ya saba da fasaha da kalmomin lafiya. Duk da haka, fassarar taken tallan "No Pain, No Gain" yana buƙatar mai shiga tsakani mai ƙirƙira. Fassarar kai tsaye ta gaza ta al'ada, kamar yadda zai iya isar da wahala mara amfani. Mai shiga tsakani na iya sake ƙirƙira shi don dacewa da dabi'un Jafananci na juriya da ƙwarewa, watakila ya haifar da ra'ayin "Kokoro" (zuciya/ruhu) a cikin horo.

6. Aikace-aikace na Gaba & Jagorori

Hanyar da Shiyab ya zayyana tana nuna zuwa ga ci gaba mai mahimmanci na gaba:

Haɗin Kai na AI-Dan Adam: Matsayi zai ci gaba zuwa "Mai Tsara Fassara" ko "Mai Dabarun Fitowar MT," yana mai da hankali kan horar da samfuran AI tare da bayanan fanni na musamman, saita sigogin inganci, da sarrafa shiga tsakani mai haɗari wanda AI ba zai iya ba.
Hasashen Daidaitawa: Yin amfani da nazarin bayanai don hasashen karɓar al'adu da daidaita abun ciki a hankali, motsawa daga fassarar da ke mayar da martani zuwa dabarun abun ciki na duniya mai tsari.
Binciken ɗabi'a & Son Kai: Ƙara girma aikace-aikace zai zama binciken fassarorin da AI ke samarwa don son kai na al'adu, bayanan ƙarya, da rashin daidaiton ɗabi'a, tabbatar da sadarwar duniya mai alhaki.
Haɗawa a cikin Ɗaukar hoto na CX/UX: Masu fassara/masu shiga tsakani za a haɗa su cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙira na samfur tun daga ranar ɗaya, suna tabbatar da an gina samfuran don haɓaka duniya (Internationalization/I18n).
Ƙwarewa a cikin Sadarwar Rikici: Gudanar da sadarwar harsuna da yawa yayin rikice-rikicen duniya (annoba, matsalolin sarkar wadata) inda daidaitaccen saƙo mai wayewar al'adu ke da mahimmanci ga martabar alama da amincin jama'a.

7. Nassoshi

Shiyab, S. (2021). Matsayin Masu Fassara da Masu Fassara a Kasuwancin Duniya. Revue Traduction et Langues, 20(2), 76-84.
Zhu, J., Park, T., Isola, P., & Efros, A. A. (2017). Fassarar Hoton-da-ba-a Haɗa ba ta amfani da Cibiyoyin Adawa masu Daidaitaccen Zagaye. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). (An ambata don nazarin kwatancen tsarin canji).
Hukumar Turai. (2022). Tsarin Ƙwarewar Jagoran Turai a cikin Fassara (EMT). Daraktan-Janar na Fassara. (Yana ba da goyon baya mai iko ga samfurin ƙwarewa da yawa).
Pym, A. (2020). Fassara da Duniya baki daya: Muhimman Ra'ayoyi a cikin Zamani na Digital. Routledge. (Yana sanya mahallin abubuwan motsa tattalin arziki da fasaha).
TAUS. (2023). Rahoton Yanayin Masana'antar Fassara. (Don bayanan kasuwa na ƙididdiga da yanayin karɓar fasaha).